Diabetes is a chronic disease when the body cannot control the sugar level in blood. It is a medical disorder particularly, diabetes mellitus, means absolute deficiency of insulin that causes several disorder like the body produce an excessive amount of urine. It is a kind of metabolic disease in which the process of secretion and excretion of excessive amount of urine occurs.

Mellitus is the Latin word which means honey. In diabetes, mellitus is reference to sweet taste of urine. This high blood sugar or hyperglycemia is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. Elevated levels of blood glucose lead to release of glucose into the urine, which causes sweet urine.

High glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both.  Blood glucose is highly controlled by a hormones named insulin This substance or hormones  produced by pancreas, an organ near the stomach, lower the blood glucose level .when we eat something it  elevates glucose level  because of the intake of  food then  insulin is released to control it. Insulin is needed to turn sugar and other food into energy. People with diabetes are unable to use the glucose in their food for energy as there is the absence of sufficient production of insulin.

With over 21 million Americans suffers with type I or type II diabetes, and over 41 million with prediabetes, this disease is a rapidly evolving public health problem. However there is a vast difference between the percentages of both diabetics, approximately 90% of patients have 2nd type of diabetes. Find out more useful information about this serious disease by  test results.

Type of diabetes

Diabetes is a disease which a person can catch at any age. There are three types of diabetes those we can define as type 1, type2, and gestational diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes is also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile diabetes, in this form the beta cell of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body’s immune system has attacked and destroyed them known as autoimmune disorder. Type 1 conventionally termed “juvenile diabetes” because a majority of the diabetes cases represents in children.

• Type 2 is called noninsulin-dependent diabetes or adult onset diabetes mellitus  is the very common type of diabetes approximately 10% of patient have type 1 and other or 90%of patient have type 2 It occurs when the body can produce insulin but  doesn’t make enough insulin or we can say doesn’t efficiently use the insulin it makes. This type 2 form begin with insulin resistance which is a  condition  in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly.this type of diabetes  most often found in middle-aged adults; however, adolescents and young adults are developing type 2 diabetes at an alarming rate. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the third type which resembles with type 2 can occur temporarily during pregnancy. At the time of pregnancy the hormone changes and can have the shortage of insulin. When the blood sugar  raise during pregnancy then it is known as Gestational diabetes. This type of diabetes automatically ends after the baby is born although it requires careful medical supervision. About 25%to 50% of women get type 2 diabetes in their later life mostly the women who remain overweight even after the delivery and in those who require insulin during pregnancy.

Causes of Diabetes

The cause of different type of diabetes differs. Even there is a mystery about the causes of diabetes. Scientist are unable to tell that why some people suffer from diabetes while other do not. This is a dangerous and life threatening diseases associated with long term complication like blindness ,heart disease,nerve and blood vessel damage, slow brain function and kidney failure The causes of diabetes fall in to broad category type1 and type2.

For insulin dependent diabetes it is believed that some genetic and environmental factor involve .this type of diabetes occurs when the body make no insulin or less the cells in the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed, causing a severe lack of insulin. This is the result of the process in which body attacking and destroying its own cells in the pancreas - known as an autoimmune reaction.

• Viral infection can cause diabetes  like coxsackie virus may infect the pancreas( leading to less production of beta cell)

• If you suffer from other hormonal problems such as hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s or Addison’s disease.

• Exposure to food having chemical toxins

• Exposure of cow’s milk in very early stage of infant

• Emotional stress like grief, anxiety, worry and death of any close person may change the blood sugar level and can cause this disease.

Non insulin dependent diabetes develops mainly because of two reasons when the pancreas does not make enough insulin for the body’s needs like produced abnormal insulin, or the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat do not use insulin properly. The glucose level  increases in blood while the cell don’t get the enough glucose for energy .if the situation remain same then after some years the blood vessel can damage because of high grouse in blood which can lead to many complication .there are certain factors that can put the people in the risk of type 2 diabetes:

• Leading inactive life schedule

• Inheritance or family history

• If you ever had gestational diabetes or given birth to a baby whose weight is more than nine pounds.

• Taking cortisone and some blood pressure medications on the regular basis

• Obesity or excessive body weight in comparison to height serve as the pre disposition factor for diabetes

• Older age adults may comes in the high risk of this type of diabetes

Symptoms

The potential symptoms and signs of diabetes may include the following:

• Persistent  thirst or dry mouth.
• Constant  hunger.
• Frequent urination.
• Having sores and wounds  that heal slowly.
• Having Dry, itchy skin.
• Weight loss without trying (even though you feel hungry and eating properly)
• Blurry vision that changes from day to day.
• Fatigue, or a feeling of being tired Unusual tiredness or drowsiness.
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet.
• Frequent gum, bladder or yeast infections.
• Having leg pain due to damage of blood vessels in the legs.

Treatment

If you just found that you are diabetic then maybe you feel upset but instead of being worried you should take good care about your health. There is no cure for this disease but there are ways to be healthy the earlier you know you have diabetes, the sooner you can make important lifestyle changes. Diabetes is a serious disease. It damages almost every part of the body. There is an exceptionally important role of  doctors ,diabetes educators ,eye doctor mental health counselor, nurse practitioner ,social worker, dentist ,dietitian ,foot doctor ,nurse pharmacist, friends and family .this team help you a lot in taking care of your diabetes and control other risk factor. But beside this you can do much more as given below

• An appropriate diet

• Weight control or exercise

• Regular monitoring blood sugar level

• Transplantation of pancreas and islet cells

• Medication(include various oral drugs and insulin)

• Healthy lifestyle

• Gastric bypass surgery

• Consumption of vitamin d maintains normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus.

Some alternative medical therapies are:

• Acupuncture is a well known procedure which provide relief in chronic pain caused by nerve damage in diabetes.

• Magnesium rich diet including whole grain, green leafy vegetable ,nuts help in decreasing risk of diabetes by increasing the insulin secretion in pancreas.

• Ginseng include the types of plants which uses as a glucose lowering component.

• Vanadium is a component found in plant and animal, developed a modest increase in insulin sensitivity and makes enable the body to decrease insulin requirements.

• Chromium is needed to make glucose tolerance factor, which helps insulin improve its action.

• Biofeedback is a stress reduction technique. here the person think about the peaceful mental images which develops the positive images in mind and help in easing this diseases

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